Natural mosquito repellents provide protection against mosquitoes and other insects.
Mosquitoes carry many dangerous diseases, including West Nile and malaria. Many people look for alternatives to the typical chemicals found in mosquito repellents, such as DEET and picaridin. Natural mosquito repellents provide protection from mosquitoes with varying effectiveness. Understanding how natural repellents work allows you to make informed choices. Does this Spark an idea?
Definition of Natural Products
Natural products are not all safe for human use. The term "natural" refers to products using essential oils distilled from plants. Plants develop defensive mechanisms to protect themselves from insects and animals. Natural oils can be irritating to humans, or even toxic. For example, University of Florida research indicates that oil of lemon eucalyptus should not be used on children under the age of 3, even though it's a natural repellent for mosquitoes. If you have a reaction to any repellent or natural product, discontinue use and contact the National Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222.
Oil-based Repellents
Natural repellents include oils of citronella, eucalyptus, vanilla, cedar, garlic and penny royal plants. Because of the toxicity of many of these oils, most commercial repellent formulations contain very small amounts, up to 1 percent, of the specific oil, according to the University of Florida Extension. Many natural repellents require frequent re-application, even up to six times an hour. All label directions should be followed when applying and re-applying natural repellents to avoid skin irritation and other problems.
Naturally-Derived Repellents
Some mosquito repellents feature chemicals that are derived or copied from natural oils. PMD, or oil of lemon eucalyptus, doesn't actually contain pure oil of lemon eucalyptus, but rather a synthesized version of the oil. Marketed since 2002, several large manufacturers include PMD in their insect repellents, including Cutter, Repel and Off. PMD shows low toxicity, but can be an eye irritant. Another naturally-derived mosquito repellent, Permethrin, is a synthetic version of pyrenthrum. Pyrenthrum is derived from chrysanthemum flowers. Permethrin-based repellents are mostly used by the military, hunters, hikers, campers and fishermen, according to the University of Florida Extension. Often used with other repellents, permethrin kills biting insects upon contact.
Safe Use of Natural Repellents
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommends applying just enough repellent, according to label directions, to exposed skin and clothing. All insect repellents should be stored safely away from children. Do not spray repellents directly on the face, to cuts or on irritated skin. Children often place their hands in their mouths, so it shouldn't be applied to a child's hands. Always apply the spray outdoors and away from food. Wash treated skin and clothes with soap and water upon returning indoors.
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