Silver sprays are primarily used as antibacterial agents.
Sliver spray is used as a treatment to contain the growth of bacteria. Common uses include spraying medical devices and hospital equipment to prevent bacterial growth. Silver particles are also included in deodorant sprays for use as personal hygiene products and for decontaminating operating rooms. However, little is known about the long-term effects of silver spray on human health or the effects on the environment.
Use in Deodorants
Decomposing fatty acids and other metabolites from bacterial metabolism are generally the main causes of malodor of the underarm. A study appearing in the August 2006 issue of the "International Journal of Cosmetic Science" investigated the effects of silver particles in deodorant spray on resident bacteria in the underarm. The researchers recruited volunteers and tested various concentrations of silver-zeolite, which ranged from 5 to 40 percent. The study found that the antibacterial actions of a 10 percent silver-zeolite spray were effective in controlling resident bacteria for a period of up to 24 hours. The authors further reported that they found no signs of adverse effects.
Infections from Pressure Ulcers
Pressure ulcers, more commonly known as bedsores, significantly influence the quality of life of patients unable to reposition themselves. Often these sores become painful and infected. An article appearing in the October 2005 issue of the "Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews" included a study to assess the efficacy of silver spray in combating infections caused by pressure ulcers. The authors searched medical databases for clinical studies and compared different cleansing solutions. The study found that sprays containing silver chloride were effective in treating infections associated with pressure ulcers. However, the authors cautioned that few studies exist for verification and more evidence is needed to draw distinct conclusions.
Size of Silver Particles
Nanotechnology involves using particles that are commonly smaller than 100 nm to react more efficiently with biological molecules. A study published in the July 2010 issue of "Environmental Science and Technology" investigated the effects of nanosilver particles of various sizes in sprays. The study compared the effects of these particles on strains of E. coli, which are common intestinal bacteria. The authors reported that silver particles of approximately 10 nm had increased antibacterial effects.
Health Risks
The health and environmental risks associated with silver particles are unclear at this point in time. A study appearing in the July 2010 issue of the "Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association" investigated the risks of silver nanoparticles in the atmosphere. The authors state that up to 14 percent of silver nanoparticles are potentially released into the air during use through spraying. The study concludes that little is known about either short- or long-term effects on the environment and in human health.
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