Help Reduce The Mosquito Breeding Grounds

Eliminate standing water and reduce the mosquito population.

When the weather heats up, people want to get outside and play. Mosquitoes also come out of hiding and begin laying their eggs in any spot of standing water they can find. Not only are mosquitoes annoying but they can also be a health hazard. Mosquitoes can carry such diseases as West Nile virus and malaria as well as a host of others. Take precautions around your home to help reduce the mosquito breeding grounds. By reducing the places mosquitoes have to breed, you can reduce or eliminate mosquitoes from your yard. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Set up a step ladder under the gutters and clean them regularly. Remove leaves and twigs from the gutters that trap water. Clean the downspouts to eliminate blockages and ensure complete draining of the gutters.

2. Inspect areas around outdoor pipes and faucets. Remove leaves and debris from around pipe that trap moisture. Repair leaks in pipes or dripping outdoor faucets immediately. Not only will this eliminate a breeding ground for mosquitoes, it will also save money on your water bill.

3. Empty small children's pools when they are not in use. Turn the pools upside down or store them in the garage. Maintain proper chemicals in permanent pools and use covers over the pool.

4. Remove all old tires from your property. Contact your waste management facility for recycling locations for used tires. If you have a tire swing, drill holes in the bottom so water drains from the tire.

5. Change the water in bird baths once a week. This also ensures the water stays fresh for the birds.

6. Turn over containers such as bucket and cans. Look for other items that collect water such as wheelbarrows, toys, tarps and other items. Empty the water from these items and either turn them over or allow them to dry completely. Close trash can lids tightly and knock off any water that accumulates on top of the lids.

7. Clean ditches around your home to ensure proper run-off after rains. Use a garden rake to remove leaves, pine needle and debris. Hire a contractor to clean the ditch out and remove the debris from your property.

8. Identify low spots in your yard and septic drain field that contain standing water. Fill in spots appropriately with top soil. If necessary, have an inspection of your septic system if there is standing water over the area.

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Dry Up Insect Bites

Bug bites can take several days to heal.

Drying up insect bites can be a long process, especially if a bite is fairly large or becomes severely inflamed. Most insect bites, however, such as those that come from mosquitos, spiders or fleas, can be treated with common household products and will generally dry up and disappear within a few days. Because an insect bite is typically not a pus-filled nodule or blister-like lesion, "drying up" or curing the bite refers to the process of treating the inflammation of the bite, drawing out the toxins from the bite and alleviating symptoms such as itching or stinging. Once the inflammation has subsided, the bite will generally heal and disappear.

Instructions

1. Dab a dime-sized amount of hyrdrocortisone cream on the bites. This medication will help reduce the redness and inflammation of the bites while alleviating itching. Reapply the cream two to four times per day to help dry up the bites.

2. Use calamine lotion on the bites. You can dab a small amount onto bites and cover the bites with an adhesive bandage or leave the medication alone until your skin absorbs it. Calamine lotion acts as an astringent, which helps dry the skin by removing pus, toxins or fluid that may be present in the bite.

3. Mix a tablespoon of baking soda with two tablespoons of water. Apply a thin paste of the mixture to the bites. The baking soda helps to soothe irritated skin and dry up fluid inside the bite. Use this method twice a day, either alone or in conjunction with other methods.

4. Use aloe vera gel to help dry up insect bites. Aloe helps tighten and firm the skin while also alleviating irritation by providing a cooling effect. Dab a small amount of store-bought aloe vera gel on bites or break off the stem of an aloe plant and rub the raw end directly on the bites.

5. Use a hair dyer to dry up bug bites. The heat from a blow dryer can help draw moisture and toxins out of the skin while alleviating itchiness. Put the blow dryer on a low setting and hold it over bites about 6 to 12 inches from the skin for 15-second intervals. Be careful not to hold the dryer too close to the skin or you could burn yourself.

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Build A Mosquito Magnet

Commercial mosquito magnets utilize propane, plant-based chemicals vacuum pumps and holding pens to kill mosquitoes. When placed in the right location and filled with the right chemicals, commercial machines can attract large numbers of the surrounding female mosquito population. This reduces the number of eggs that are laid and reduces the overall mosquito population in a given area after a number of weeks. These machines can be costly and take time to be effective. If you want a quick homemade mosquito trap to put outside when grilling or enjoying the summer sun, look below for a quick home made trap.

Instructions

Process

1. Wash out a 2 liter plastic pop bottle and allow to dry. Be sure to remove the label with warm water and dish soap.

2. Mix together 2 cups of tap water with 1/2 cup of sugar into a pan and heat on the stove. Stir the mixture with a wood spoon to help the sugar dissolve and mix with the water. You can use either brown or white sugar, but artificial sweetener will not produce the same results. Allow the water to cool down, but not go cold.

3. Cut the dry pop bottle in half, making the incision about two-thirds of the way up the bottle. Keep both parts of the bottle, but discard the cap. You can use a serrated kitchen knife or craft knife for cutting the bottle. Be sure to wear protective gloves.

4. Pour the warm sugar water mixture into the bottom half of the cut bottle and add one single serving packet of active dry yeast. If the water is still warm, there is no need to stir the yeast into the sugar water. It will dissolve by itself. The mixture creates carbon dioxide, which imitates the breath of a warm-blooded creature--a magnet for mosquitoes.

5. Turn the top half of the cut plastic bottle upside down and place inside the bottom half of the bottle. The top should sit above the liquid.

6. Secure the top and bottom of the pop bottle together with packing tape to prevent the trap from falling over or coming apart.

7. Wrap the entire bottle trap with black paper. Making the trap dark increases its attraction to mosquitoes.

8. Place the trap in a secure location outside and wait for mosquitoes to fly in and get trapped. Replace the sugar water mixture every two weeks or when the mixture evaporates.

Tags: sugar water, bottom half, bottom half bottle, half bottle, mosquito population

A Repellent For Mosquitos

Effective mosquito repellents reduce the number of bites.

Female mosquitoes need blood meals to develop their eggs. When they bite, they cause itchiness and irritation. Sometimes, they also transmit serious diseases, such as St. Louis encephalitis and West Nile virus. Various repellents can help keep mosquitoes away and reduce the risk of mosquito bites. These repellents have varying levels of efficacy. Does this Spark an idea?

Topical Repellents

The Environmental Protection Agency has registered some active ingredients as insect repellents. This means that the EPA has evaluated these products for efficacy and safety. Generally, products that contain DEET provide longer-lasting protection. Oil of lemon eucalyptus provides as much protection as low concentrations of DEET. A synthetic insect repellent, IR3535, has a structure that is similar to a natural amino acid. It was approved for use by the EPA in 1999 after about 20 years of use in Europe.

Gear Repellent

The EPA approves the use of permethrin as mosquito repellent on outer clothing, shoes, bed nets and camping gear. It works effectively as an insecticide and as a repellent. Even after repeated laundering, permethrin remains effective for up to two weeks. Permethrin needs reapplication according to the label instructions to keep repelling mosquitoes beyond two weeks. Clothing pre-treated with permethrin remains effective through repeated washings. Permethrin is not suitable for application to the skin or inner clothing.

Area Repellents

Some repellent devices release insecticides, such as pyrethroids, to keep mosquitoes away. These come as lanterns, coils and hand-held devices. Geraniol candles also provide protection from mosquitoes within about 3 feet from the candles. Outdoor mosquito sprayers or foggers kill existing mosquitoes, but don't prevent more mosquitoes from entering the treated area. These insecticides temporarily reduce mosquito populations and are suitable for preparing an area before an outdoor event. Keeping insecticide application to one or two times per season keeps the adverse effects to a minimum.

Other Repellents

Other repellents exist that display little repellent properties. The results of tests with topical mosquito repellent products that contain citronella, geraniol, catnip oil, vanilla, garlic oil and soybean oil vary. Mosquito repellent plants, such as the citrosa plant, generally don't have any effect on the number of mosquito bites nearby. Sonic, electronic and ultrasonic devices claim to emit sounds that mosquitoes fear, for example the flight sound of dragonflies. These devices generally don't work to keep mosquitoes away.

Tags: keep mosquitoes, keep mosquitoes away, mosquitoes away, mosquito bites, mosquito repellent, permethrin remains

Guppy Aquarium Habitat

Guppies are small, colorful freshwater fish that are commonly found in both beginner and advanced aquarium systems. Guppies are known as hardy, easy to care for fish. However, they remain sought after among serious fish keepers because of their striking coloring and long, flowing fins. Guppies thrive when their habitats are adjusted to suit their specific needs.

Aquarium Size

Guppies are small fish. Therefore, first-time guppy owners often assume it's acceptable to house the guppies in a small aquarium. However, guppies are active fish, and need plenty of room to swim. Also, because they are schooling fish, and feel more comfortable and safe in a group, the aquarium in which you house the guppies will need to be large enough to house more than one fish. Guppies should be kept in schools of at least one male and two female fish. These guppies should be housed in an aquarium of at least 5 gallons. Each additional guppy you add will require more space.

Temperature and pH Level

Place a thermometer in the guppy aquarium and monitor the temperature of the water. Temperature changes or extreme temperatures can often cause health problems. The ideal water temperature for guppies is between 72 and 83 degrees Fahrenheit. A heater can be used to maintain the temperature and prevent sudden drops. The pH level of the water in the aquarium also needs to be monitored, using a water testing kit. Guppies prefer a pH level around 7.0. Different water additives are available at pet stores to help adjust this level.

Decorations

Guppies are not usually shy, and therefore don't require a lot of hiding places, as aquarium decorations or plants would provide. However, you can make the aquarium more appealing to the eye by adding any aquarium decorations or fake aquarium plants that you like. No substrate, such as gravel, is needed in a guppy aquarium either.

Filtration

Install a box or power filter system in the aquarium. Guppies, like most fish, require clean, fresh water in their habitat in order to remain healthy. A filtration system also provides some aeration for the guppies. Choose a filter system that is compatible with the size of the aquarium in which you are housing the guppies. If the filtration system does not provide aeration, install an air stone, attached to an outside air pump, in order to provide aeration.

Aquarium Mates

Guppies are generally peaceful fish. They prefer to be kept in a group of other guppies. Because of their peaceful nature, it's best to keep them only with other non-aggressive fish that are close in size to the guppies. Avoid fish that are known as fin nippers, as these fish can cause damage to the guppies' flowing fins. Choose fish that have the same water requirements as the guppies.

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Homemade Non Toxic Insecticides For Vegetable Gardens

Making homemade insecticide can be dangerous.

Experts caution against making insecticides at home, as even relatively safe products can be dangerous to humans, animals and plants. If you choose to make a homemade insecticide, the most effective and safest method is to create an insecticidal soap.

(Ref. 1, 3, 4) Does this Spark an idea?

Types

Garlic or red pepper solutions have been touted as insecticides, but studies have not proved their effectiveness. Instead, homemade non-toxic insecticides that work are soap-based mixtures. An effective 1 to 2 percent solution of soap calls for 5 tablespoons of mild dish detergent per 1 gallon of water.

Function

Homemade insecticidal soap needs to come into contact with target insects. The spray must cover the insect's body at application; when the spray has dried and the insect moves across the residue, the insect will not be harmed. Use the insecticide repeatedly and plentifully to ensure complete coverage of the insects to be eliminated.

Benefits

Homemade insecticidal soaps have a 40 to 50 percent effectiveness rate in killing soft-bodied insects, including aphids, whiteflies and spider mites. They do not kill hard-bodied insects like bees and beetles. This is a benefit; beneficial insects tend to remain unharmed.

Warning

Even dish soap with low toxicity to humans needs to be used carefully. Eye irritation, danger to other mammals and damage to plants are possible if the soap solution is too strong.

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The Best Pest Control Devices

Rid your home of pests by employing the best control devices.

The best pest control devices many times are simple to use and of simple construction, whether they're pest control machines, such as mousetraps or roach hotels, or chemical pesticides that keep bugs out of your garden. There are many natural pest deterrents, but choose a device that's best for your situation. Does this Spark an idea?

Poisons

Poisons and baits are the first items that most homeowners reach for when they find pests. Poison can be the most effective control method available, for mice, rats, ants or even fleas and ticks. A major drawback is that the poison also attracts your family dog or cat. Poison baits should never be left where pets or children can reach them. Another problem with poisons is that larger mammals, such as rats or mice, don't die immediately after ingesting poison. The animal might return to its nest to die, inside a wall or behind a heavy appliance, which you must move to remove the carcass.

Traps

Traps have been used for centuries to successfully control and eliminate minor pest infestations. Mouse traps, roach motels and ant motels are popular and reasonably priced, but you must check them regularly to ensure they aren't accidentally triggered. Recent trap innovations include glue traps, which don't instantly kill the rodent or bug, but hold it until removal. Some traps use bait that's attractive to the family pet, so keep the trap out of your pet's reach.

Preventive Barriers

Preventive barriers are largely chemical mixtures, which are seasonally applied around your home's foundation or inside it. These barriers provide protection against bugs such as ants, termites and roaches. The best protective barriers provide a scent that repels the insects, but that's undetectable to pets and humans. When applying the preventive barrier, keep pet food and water dishes away from the spray site inside the house, and thoroughly spray the home's outside foundation, leaving an unbroken line around the home.

Predator Deterrent

Predator deterrent helps alleviate problems with animals, such as rabbits and squirrels, that invade your garden. They can also be used to repel deer, but those deterrents are packaged in a chemical form. To keep rabbits and squirrels away, purchase an owl statue for the garden and rotate it occasionally so that pests don't realize it's a statue. For deer repellents, use products that reproduce the scent markings of wolves. Deer are sensitive to smells--a wolf is a deer's natural predator and its scent will keep the deer at bay.

Electronic Pest Control

Electronic pest control falls into two categories: electromagnetic and ultrasonic. Electromagnetic pest control devices change the polarity of your household wiring to a range that repels pests. Ultrasonic pest control devices emit a sound frequency that's undetectable to humans, but that pests and small animals can hear. Check the packaging carefully before purchase, as some electronic pest control devices shouldn't be used around pets. For instance, the ultrasonic pest control devices are unsuitable for dogs, which share a similar range of hearing with rodents. Electronic pest control devices are not regulated by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.

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Keep Flies Off A Horse With Vinegar

Flies buzzing, flies biting, flies just being flies are annoying creatures. For horses, flies and mosquitoes compete for the title of most annoying pest. From acting as an area repellent to being placed directly on horses, vinegar is a good home-made solution for helping keep your horses fly-free.

Instructions

1. Use vinegar in home-made fly bait mixes. Many fly traps use fly bait. You can make your own by adding 2 cups of water and ? cup of sugar to ? cup of vinegar. Stir this and place into the fly trap you plan to hang.

2. Add apple cider vinegar to your horse's drinking water. Besides being beneficial to your horse internally, some believe that the consummation of apple cider vinegar makes horses less attractive to flies.

3. Use vinegar as a natural fly spray for your horse. You can use 2 cups of vinegar with 1 cup of water and 1 cup of Avon Skin So Soft bath oil mixed with 1 tbsp. of Eucalyptus oil. You can also add a tbsp. or two of citronella oil to this mixture. Shake it well and then spray on your horse.

4. Use a modified version of the recipe above as a repellent mix. Add 1 cup of water and 1 cup of cider vinegar to 2 ounces of Avalon Skin So Soft and 1 ounce of citronella oil. Mix this into a large spray bottle.

Tags: your horse, cider vinegar, apple cider, apple cider vinegar, citronella this

Bedbug Bite Symptoms

If you thought that little mosquito buzzing around your ear was the only thing that could bother you while you tried to sleep, think again. Bed bugs have been infesting American homes since WWII, and there has been a steady increase ever since. If you haven't heard about them, that's probably because their bites commonly go unnoticed or mistaken for other insect bites. Once you get bit, there's nothing you can really do to get rid of it. The best thing to do is recognize a bed bug bite, so you can take the appropriate steps to get the insects out of your house for good.

Significance

Bed bugs are oval insects that belong to the Cimicidae insect family. They are as small as 1.5 mm in length and can grow as long as 5 to 7 mm. Their flat bodies can be mistaken for ticks or small cockroaches, and their wings are vestigial, meaning the bugs can't fly. Adults are reddish-brown and appear more red just after feeding, and nymphs are clear and appear bright red just after feeding.

Function

Bed bugs feed by sucking the blood from humans or animals. The bugs are most active at night and bite any exposed areas of skin. The face, neck, hands and arms are common sites for bed bugs to bite while an individual is sleeping.

Features

They live in any articles of furniture, clothing or bedding, and they can spread rather quickly. Bed bugs can live on clothing from infested homes and may even be spread by a person unknowingly wearing infested clothing. If you're unsure whether your home in infested with bed bugs, you can do a couple of checks to get to the conclusion. Look to see if you can identify the fecal stains, egg cases and skin sheddings in crevices and cracks on or near beds.

Identification

The bite is small, flat or a raised bump on the skin. A good way to tell if you have bed bug bites is by recognizing their specific feeding pattern. Bed bug bites tend to be lined up in a row. This is known as the "breakfast, lunch and dinner" sign, signifying the sequential feeding that occurs from site to site. The bites usually go unnoticed or mistaken for flea bites, mosquito bites and other types of rash or skin conditions.

Effects

The bite itself is painless and is usually not noticed. The most common signs are redness, swelling and itching. If the bite is scratched, the area can become infected and you'll need to follow proper disinfecting procedures. Rubbing alcohol on the area can prevent from infection. The bites usually last longer than mosquito bites and can sometimes be more itchy. It may also take up to nine days after being bit to actually see the bite marks, but most people with have little or no reaction.

Treatment

If itching is severe, steroid creams or oral antihistamines may be used for symptom relief. Infections that develop over heavily scratched areas may require the use of antibiotics. The bites will usually go away within a week or two. If the pain and discomfort is too much to bear (highly unlikely), go consult your doctor.

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Science Fun Facts

Science fun facts are interesting tidbits of information that are both fun and useful. Fun facts help students stay interested in science, a subject that may otherwise seem confusing or difficult.

Anatomy Fun Facts

A human's eyes are the exact same size at every point in their life, while a person's nose and ears never stop growing. Another interesting piece of information in the area of anatomy is that much like a fingerprint, everyone has a different tongue print!

Insect Fun Facts

One scary, but interesting fact of the insect world, is that mosquitoes have 47 teeth, although, an even more disturbing fact is that a cockroach can live for several weeks without its head.

Marine Fun Facts

Marine life can be exotic and dangerous. The Giant Squid, which is found in the Atlantic Ocean, can have eyes that measure 15.75 inches wide. The tiger shark is a natural born killer: Tiger shark embryos fight each other while still in the womb and the winner gets to be born.

Astronomy Fun Fact

Planets, moons, stars and gas giants are amazing, but one is absolutely priceless. Lucy, a star in the constellation Centaurus, is a huge diamond. It's diamond weight is 10 billion trillion trillion carats.

Animal Kingdom Fun Fact

The Slow Loris primate may be the most overprotective mother in the world. Before sending her babies out to search for food, she covers them in a poisonous substance from her own mouth.

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Treat Mosquito Bites On A Baby

Treat mosquito bites on babies with extra care.

Babies with exposed skin outdoors are at risk for mosquito bites. Mosquitoes frequently bite areas such as the neck, hands and ankles. The bites can cause uncomfortable itching and swelling, which can be difficult for a baby to deal with, especially a young infant who is unable to communicate. Remedies that work for adults may be unsafe to use on babies, so special precautions need to be taken when treating mosquito bites on an infant.

Instructions

1. Clean the area where the mosquito bit the baby with warm, soapy water. This will soothe the baby and remove any blood left by the biting mosquito.

2. Apply a cold washcloth to the bite to relieve itching and reduce swelling. An ice pack will also work to reduce discomfort, but wrap a towel or washcloth around the ice pack to prevent the ice from being too cold on the baby's skin.

3. Apply Calamine lotion to the bite to stop itching. Create a thick paste with baking soda and water if lotion is not available. Apply a small amount to the affected area only.

4. Cut the baby's fingernails to keep the child from scratching the bite open. Bloody, exposed mosquito bites are at greater risk for becoming infected. Scratching the bite could also cause bacteria from under the baby's nails to get into the mosquito bite. Clipping the baby's nails will also prevent the baby from getting a scar.

5. Monitor the bites for 24 hours, checking for excessive swelling or drainage. Continue to apply cold washcloths and lotion for as long as the baby appears to be uncomfortable. The bites may take weeks to disappear completely.

Tags: mosquito bites, baby nails, will also

Prevent Mosquitoes From Biting

Prevent Mosquitoes From Biting

Mosquito bites are accompanied with discomforting itchiness that can irritate and infect your skin. They also are capable of carrying deadly diseases such as dengue fever, malaria, West Nile virus and encephalitis. To protect yourself from mosquito bites, you have to apply methods to help repel them.

Instructions

1. Apply mosquito repellent on your skin. Insect repellents containing DEET (N, N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide) are considered to be the most common agents used to repel mosquitoes and other biting insects. The application of DEET on the skin should be properly monitored because high concentrations of this agent can cause toxicity. The recommended amount of DEET on adult skin is 30 percent to 35 percent; the amount considered safe for children's skin is no greater than 6 percent to 10 percent. When you apply DEET on your skin, make sure to evenly spread it all over the area to ensure total protection against mosquito bites.

2. Use permethrin to repel mosquitoes. This potent insect repellent is recommended for use on clothing, socks, shoes, sleeping bags, mosquito nets, blankets and other camping gear. It also protects against deer flies, ticks, fleas and other biting insects. This should never be applied on the skin.

3. Go for light-colored clothing. Mosquitoes are attracted to colors that are of the same shade as nectar and flesh. So avoid wearing dark-colored clothing and those with bright, flowery prints when going outdoors. Wear light-colored clothing that covers most of your body, including your neck area and face.

4. Try to keep yourself odorless when going outdoors. Mosquitoes are attracted to some strong odor on the body, which is why they choose particular individuals among all others in the crowd. So when you have outdoor plans, it's advisable to avoid wearing heavy perfumes and scented lotions. Also, try to avoid strong-scented soaps and shampoos to prevent possible attraction from mosquitoes.

5. Watch the time and the weather when staying outdoors. Mosquitoes are known to attack individuals during the early time of the evening until early hours of the morning. These attacks get worse during the peak of summer, when the weather is hot and muggy.

6. Choose your destination when going hiking or camping, especially if you are highly allergic to mosquito bites. You should avoid areas with still waters and avoid going to swampy regions, because these sites are the ideal places for mosquitoes.

7. Take some B1 vitamins and garlic. Taking 25 to 50 mg of thiamine or vitamin B1 three times a day will help shield your skin against mosquito bites. These types of vitamins evidently make your skin produce a certain kind of odor that is unpleasant to mosquitoes but is undetectable to humans. This natural repellent is recommended for those who are allergic to topical insect repellent sprays or lotions. Eating large quantities of garlic has almost the same effect as taking thiamine. It also enables your skin to produce a certain smell that can be unpleasant to mosquitoes. The only difference is, its odor is detectable to humans.

8. Place some crushed mosquito-repelling leaves on your clothing and camping gear. Plants such as catnip, rosemary, marigolds, citronella grass and mosquito plants are among the best natural mosquito repellents. You can take some leaves off any of these plants, and crush and rub them on your clothing, backpack and other camping gear. The crushed leaves of these plants can also be mixed with water, which can be used as a natural repellent spray.

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Life Cycle Of A Culex Mosquito

Life Cycle of a Culex Mosquito

A Culex mosquito, often called the common house mosquito, goes through four distinct phases of its life cycle: egg, larva, pupa and adult. The length of the life cycle typically runs from 10 to 14 days depending on environmental factors, such as temperature and water availability.

Egg

The Culex mosquito lays eggs one at a time on the surface of stagnant or fresh water, and then sticks 100 to 300 eggs together to form a "raft." Culex mosquito eggs typically hatch within two days.

Larva

Culex mosquito larvae live in the water but must surface periodically to breathe oxygen. The larval phase lasts from one to two weeks depending on the temperature of the water.

Pupa

A Culex pupa floats on top of the water for one to four days while it transforms into an adult mosquito. The pupal phase is a non-feeding, resting stage.

Adult

A newly emerged, adult Culex mosquito rests on top of the water until its body is dry and hardened. Female Culex mosquitoes that emerge late in the summer hibernate in a sheltered area until spring.

Considerations

All types of mosquitoes must have water to complete their life cycles. Culex mosquitoes prefer small bodies of still water full of organic matter, such as tin cans, bird baths or rain barrels.

Tags: Culex mosquito, Culex mosquito, Culex mosquitoes, Cycle Culex, Cycle Culex Mosquito, Life Cycle, Life Cycle Culex

Clay Bug Projects

The delicate wings and other features of bugs inspire many clay artists.

Creating bugs from clay can be an educational or just-for-fun project. Insect modeling can be done by amateurs of all ages as well as professionals whose finished clay creations command high prices in fine art galleries. Regardless of the creator, there is something about the delicate and miniature world of bugs that inspires artistic replication, and clay is a perfect medium for the task.

Insect Observation and Modeling Project

Observing and creating bugs out of clay is a great way to teach children about the anatomy of insects. For this project, collect books about bugs as well as a magnifying glass to study them up close on a nature walk. Once careful observations have been made, try making your own versions, using modeling clay and adding details such as construction paper wings, googly eyes, pipe cleaner legs and other craft materials. Details for this project can be found at the Scholastic.com website.

Frightened Fly

Polymer clay is a versatile craft medium which can be permanently hardened in the oven, and can be found in most craft stores. It can also be used to create an adorable insect project called the "Frightened Fly." This project requires polymer clay in either yellow or orange, white and black, as well as some 22-gauge copper wire and a few wooden toothpicks. Detailed instructions for this easy project can be found at Disney's craft site, FamilyFun.Go.com.

Buggy Picture Holders

Another bug project involving polymer clay doubles as a way to display valued photographs. This project takes a little more clay modeling skill as well as an ability to do some decorative painting and wire bending. The bug's body is made from clay which can then be painted, while its legs and antennae--which are used to display a photograph--are made from bent wire. Detailed instructions for this project can be found at HGTV.com.

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Caterpillar Build A Cocoon

How Does a Caterpillar Build a Cocoon?

Background Information

The caterpillar is an immature butterfly or moth, also known as the larval. A caterpillar transforms into a butterfly or moth after hibernating in a cocoon.

The Magic of Complete Metamorphosis

One of the most truly amazing occurrences of nature is complete metamorphosis. Complete metamorphosis literally means changing from one creature into a completely different creature. It begins with the birth of the larval. The larval then transforms into a pupa. The pupa then builds her cocoon and hibernates within her home. When she emerges from the cocoon, she is a beautiful butterfly or moth. Other insects are known to undergo complete metamorphosis as well.

The Beginning Stages of Life

An adult female butterfly or moth lays eggs, which in turn hatch to reveal the larvae (caterpillars). A caterpillar has only one thing on her mind and that is to eat as often as she can. They feed mostly on leaves, but also munch on certain types of flowers. A caterpillar eats to store energy for when it is time to build her cocoon. She also needs the extra food to sustain life in the cocoon.

Getting Ready to Build a Cocoon

When a caterpillar is ready to transform into a pupa, it finds an isolated place where it can begin its next phase of life. Some caterpillars hang from secluded tree branches, while others actually bury themselves in the ground. The necessity of a cocoon is to provide a protective covering for the caterpillar, as it transforms into a pupa and ultimately a butterfly or moth. A cocoon quickly becomes prime prey for predators.

Cocoon Construction

Cocoons are constructed from silk. The silk is emitted through two glands and comes out as a thick glue-like material. Barring against popular belief, most caterpillars do not build grand cocoons that are inches in diameter, as often depicted in pictures. Most build a cocoon that is just big enough to encase the body while they are attached to a branch or underside of a leaf. The Skipper butterfly, however, does build the large cocoon that we often envision.

Cocoon Characteristics

Cocoons come in a wide variety of colors, as well as the ability to be translucent, opaque, soft or hard. It all depends on the species of butterfly or moth building the cocoon. The butterfly or moth that emerges from the cocoon will get out simply by cutting its way out, or secreting a liquid that softens the cocoon enough to break through the walls.

Tags: butterfly moth, into pupa, transforms into, Build Cocoon, build cocoon, Caterpillar Build

Beetle Species In Illinois

Asian long-horned beetles are invasive to Illinois.

According to the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, beetles are the largest order of insects in the world. Many of Illinois' insects are invasive, meaning they are not native to Illinois. As a result, these beetles have no natural predator and are pests to Illinois' agricultural industry. Pest control companies recommend using pesticides to eliminate beetles; stepping on beetles triggers a foul odor usually reserved for warding off potential predators.

Tiger Beetles

Illinois is home to two tiger beetle species, Cicindela hirticollis and Tetracha virginica. Neither beetle species has a common name. Cicindela hirticollis is an orange and brown beetle species approximately a half-inch in length. Most of these tiger beetles have been found in Illinois' northern and central counties. Spring and fall are the active seasons for Cicindela hirticollis beetles. Southern Illinois is the only location Tetracha virginica has been found in the Illini State. This beetle species is the larger of Illinois' two tiger beetles at 1 inch. Tetracha virginica is primarily active during the summer.

Lady Beetles

Lady beetles, also known as ladybugs, are a species belonging to the Coccinellidae family of insects. All lady beetles are indigenous to Asia and were initially introduced to the southeastern and southwestern states. However, lady beetles quickly spread to other states, including Illinois. The most common lady beetle in Illinois is the Asian lady beetle, or Harmonia axyridis. The Asian lady beetle and other Illinois lady beetles -- spotless ladybug and orange spotted ladybug -- help agriculture by preying on crop pests, but the University of Illinois says these beetles also cause damage to crops.

Leaf Beetles

All beetles in the insect family Chrysomelidae are known as leaf beetles. These insects are called leaf beetles since plant and tree leaves are the staple of their diets. Long antennae and torsos are similar physical characteristics between leaf beetle species. One of the most common leaf beetles in Illinois is the dogbane leaf beetle, or Chrysochus auratus fabricius. This beetle lives in the central and southern Illinois grasslands region. This beetle grows to a half-inch in length. Other Chrysomelidae beetles in Illinois are southern corn, elm and bean leaf beetles.

Japanese Beetles

Per their name, Japanese beetles, or Popillia japonica, are originally from Japan and were introduced to the United States in the early 20th century. Since then, these invasive beetles spread into most regions of the United States. The University of Illinois claims Japanese beetles are considered pests in the Illini State's agricultural community. Japanese beetle grubs feed on plant roots, and the adults feast on leaves and stems. Japanese beetles have metallic green coloration and are almost box-shaped in their appearance; their length and width is .6 inches by .4 inches, respectively.

Tags: beetle species, beetles have, Cicindela hirticollis, lady beetle, leaf beetles, Tetracha virginica, This beetle

Boric Acid Poisoning Symptoms

Boric acid is a chemical compound used in a wide variety of household substances, ranging from insect agents to first aid and cosmetic compounds. This compound is highly poisonous and can cause symptoms in any part of the body which it has come into contact.

Boric Acid Defined

Boric acid is a compound ( its chemical composition is H3BO3) which is used in fireproofing compounds, enamels, cements and cosmetics. This is a dangerous chemical which can cause death. Frequent exposure can cause "chronic" boric acid poisoning and if an individual has swallowed something with this chemical, he will develop "acute" boric acid poisoning.

Identification

In industries, such as insect and rodent extermination, boric acid is an ingredient in roach powders and rodent and ant pesticides. Other industries which use boric acid are paint manufacturers, photography chemical manufacturers and glass fiber manufacturers. According to Healthline, this compound is still used in some eye washes, antiseptics and medicated powders. In the cosmetic and skin care industry, boric acid is used in some skin lotions and astringents.

Symptoms

According to the Pesticide Action Network and Healthline, reviewed by Dr. Eric Perez, Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Luke-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, New York, symptoms of boric acid which appear on the skin include irritation, an exfoliative (peeling) rash, a bright red (erythermatous) rash which looks "beefy" red on the palms of his hands, soles of his feet, scrotum and buttocks and blisters. Respiratory poisoning symptoms include irritation of the respiratory tract and respiratory depression (slowed breathing) if he has breathed a powder form of the poison.

Symptoms Continued

The Pesticide Action Network and Healthline both state that gastrointestinal symptoms include stomach pain, diarrhea, blue-green vomiting and low or no urine output. Central nervous system symptoms include lethargy and headaches (although these don't appear in every poisoning victim), twitching muscles in the face, legs, arms, hands and feet and convulsions. Other symptoms might include fever and renal failure.

First Aid Treatments

The Pesticide Action Network recommends that for skin irritation symptoms, the victim should remove her contaminated clothing and rinse her skin, then wash with soap and water. Once this has been done, she should be seen immediately by a physician for evaluation and treatment. For respiratory symptoms of boric acid poisoning, she should be immediately removed from the contaminated area and taken into the fresh air. Again, she should be seen by a doctor. For gastrointestinal symptoms, she should completely rinse her mouth and be seen by a doctor for treatment. For central nervous system and renal system involvement, the victim should be seen by a doctor so medically-indicated treatment can be started right away.

Tags: acid poisoning, Action Network, boric acid, Pesticide Action, Pesticide Action Network, seen doctor, should seen

Find The Best Pest Repeller Device

Use A Pest Repeller For Vermin

A pest repeller is an electronic pest control device used to drive out vermin and other pests from a home. Pest repellers work really well for vermin such as rats and mice, as well as ants, roaches and more. Pest repellers are a safe alternative to dangerous traps and poisons that can harm children and even kill household pets.

When you decide to go shopping for a pest repeller, you should have an understanding of the different types of pest repellers and electronic pest control devices. The type of pest repeller you purchase will be dependant on the type of vermin in your home as well as other factors.

Here's go about finding the best pest repeller........... Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Determine the particular type of vermin that's invading your home. Each pest repeller is designed to target certain types of vermin. This will ensure that you get the best results and have success driving out the vermin.

For example, the ultrasonic pest repeller works well in getting rid of vermin such as mice or roaches and even ants, but this pest repeller might not work well if you have rats in your home.

2. Learn about the different types of pest repellers so you can make the best choice.

Ultrasonic pest repeller - The ultrasonic pest repeller is an electronic pest control device that works by emitting high frequency sound waves which scare off certain types of vermin. These sounds cannot be heard by humans, but they're heard by insects and other small vermin. The ultrasonic pest repeller is a plug-in system.

The ultrasonic pest repeller works really well for insects that have antenna such as roaches, mosquitoes and other similar insects.

The ultrasonic pest repeller is an electronic pest control device that's safe to use around pets like dogs, cats, birds and fish. One drawback to an ultrasonic pest repeller is that since the sound waves travel by air, they may not always be able to get past object in the room such as furniture.

Subsonic pest repeller - The subsonic system is an electronic pest control device that produces sound frequencies that are too low to be heard by humans but they're effective against insects such as ants. Sometimes frequencies from ultrasonic systems can be too high for insects to hear whereas the subsonic devices create lower pitched sounds that are more easily heard. The subsonic system is also a plug-in electronic pest control device.

Electromagnetic pest repeller - This device uses the existing wiring in your home to repel insects and vermin. This technology changes normal frequency signals traveling through your wires into a pulsating vibration that only small vermin can detect. The signals repeat constantly so the insect or rodent is unable to build a tolerance to it and has no choice but to leave.

Since most homes and offices have wiring running throughout the walls, this device transforms your entire home into a giant pest repeller and drives the vermin out. Unlike some ultrasonic pest repeller products, electromagnetic devices can go through objects.

3. Determine the size of the area in your home that you want to target. If you have a large area then you might want to consider buying more than one unit. Each electronic pest control device should have an indication of this.

4. Read up on consumer reviews for each pest repeller. It's always best to see what other people are saying about products.

5. Check the safey features for each electronic pest control device before you make a purchase. Each pest repeller will have it's own safety features. Some pest repeller devices may not be safe to use around household pets such as hamsters, gerbils, guinea pigs and ferrets. Certain electronic pest control products may also not be suitable for house plants, fish or birds.

Tags: pest repeller, electronic pest, electronic pest control, pest control, control device

Remove Suntan Lotion Stains

There are several different ways to remove suntan lotion stains depending on the type of fabric that is stained. It is always best to remove any stain as soon as possible. The longer any stain remains, the harder it is to remove. The following directions are for removing suntan lotion stains from washable fabrics. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Scrape off any build up of suntan lotion, as gently as possible, with a dull tool such as the side of a knife or spoon edge.

2. Soak the stained fabric for 15 minutes in a mixture of 1 tbsp. white vinegar, 1 tsp. liquid detergent and 1 qt of water.

3. Launder the item in the usual manner.

4. Blot the stained area with rubbing alcohol if it still remains on the fabric after it has been washed.

5. Mix an enzyme presoak with water and let the item soak in the mixture for 20 to 25 minutes. Do not let it soak in this solution for any longer then 30 minutes.

6. Rewash the item again.

Tags: lotion stains, suntan lotion

Are Water Lily Plants & Koi Compatible

A man feeds koi at a tranquil pond.

In Japanese, "koi" means love. A type of carp, koi appeals to people because of their colors and color patterns. Water lilies (Nymphaea spp.) are divided into two groups, hardy and tropical. Both types thrive in water. Does this Spark an idea?

Protection

Water lilies help koi. Sitting atop ponds or slow-moving fresh water, water lilies provide cover for fish from their predators, such as birds and bears.

Decreasing Algae

Water lilies limit sunlight in a pond.

With their rather large circular, floating leafs and position on top of the water, water lilies also limit the amount of light reaching a pond's bottom. This decreases algae growth. When water lilies cover a pond's surface 50 to 75 percent, they do a good job of decreasing the growth of algae, according to the Texas AgriLife Extension Service. If there is a lot of algae, the pond's oxygen level can deplete and koi will die. Koi do not harm pond plants.

Acclimating Koi

To protect their health, acclimate koi to the pond's water temperature and pH level before they are released into the pond. The Southern Regional Aquaculture Center advises floating the plastic bag koi are in at purchase in the water, out of direct sunlight, for 10 to 15 minutes. Then open the bag and gently splash water from the pond inside the bag, until temperatures from the bag and pond are the same. Dip fish out of the bag and into the pond.

Tags: from pond, into pond, water water, water water lilies

Lower Uric Acid To Prevent Gout

Lower Uric Acid to Prevent Gout

A common form of arthritis called gout is caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood stream. To prevent gout, those susceptible to these attacks need to know lower their uric acid levels. The easiest and healthiest way to lower uric acid is though proper eating habits and medication. This includes limiting alcohol and avoiding purine rich foods, which will convert to uric acid. Read on to learn lower uric acid to prevent gout.

Instructions

1. Maintain a healthy weight to lower uric acid. Gout sufferers are usually men over the age of 40 who are mildly to severely obese. Keep in mind that dropping a significant amount of weight in a short period of time may actually induce a gout attack. Slowly reaching a healthy weight and maintaining it through proper nutrition and exercise will lower uric acid levels to help prevent gout.

2. Avoid alcohol consumption to lower uric acid. Large amounts of alcohol, especially beer and wine, both rich in purines, increase uric acid levels. Alcohol prevents excess uric acid from being removed from the kidneys through the urinary tract.

3. Increase your dairy intake to lower your uric acid level. Low fat milk, yogurt and cheese are examples of dairy products considered helpful to gout sufferers.

4. Drink plenty of water to lower uric acid. Remember those eight glasses of water a day your mother wanted you to drink? Mother does know best. Liquids that are low in caffeine and calories help to remove uric acid from the blood stream. Since water is the most pure liquid, it should be consumed the most.

5. Eat fruits and vegetables that are not high in purine to reduce uric acid. Fresh fruits including blueberries, strawberries, bananas and cherries are some of the fruits gout sufferers should include in their diet. Celery, tomatoes, cabbage, parsley, kale and all green leaf vegetables are also helpful in low uric acid diets.

6. Follow your physician's orders and supplement your diet with prescribed medications to reduce uric acid levels and prevent gout. Consult a physician who specializes in treating gout patients. Doctors who specialize in orthopedics, rheumatology and arthritis may have a better handle on treating gout. There are more than a dozen medications a physician can prescribe to help the body remove uric acid from the blood stream.

Tags: uric acid, lower uric acid, uric acid, acid levels, uric acid levels, acid from

Build A Driveway Wood Gate

Build a Driveway Wood Gate

There are many reasons why you might want to build a wooden driveway gate. Driveway gates prevent unauthorized parking if you live in a heavy traffic area where parking is an issue during sporting events, exhibitions or community festivals. They add ornamental vlaue to your property as well. A well-constructed gate made of quality hardwood, especially if it is carved or turned on a lathe to add additional aesthetic appeal, can add hundreds of dollars worth of curb appeal to your landscape plan.

This fence assembly uses mortise and tenon joints, reinforced with wood screws. Please read the resource at the end of this article about mortise and tenon joints if you have not cut them before. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. The photo shows a single gate, which is fine for a driveway that is 6 feet wide or narrower. For a wider driveway, however, you will need a two piece gate or it will sag. Measure driveway width. Most driveways are 12 feet across or less, so your gate halves can be 4 feet tall by 6 feet wide. If your driveway is wider, adjust the length of your gate halves accordingly. This article assumes that each gate half will be 4 feet tall by 6 feet wide.

2. Cut two 1 inch wide, 2 inch deep, 3 inch long mortises in each four feet long board, 1/2 inch from each end, into the 2 inch side. Make sure there is 1/2 inch of wood or more in every direction from each mortise.

3. Cut a tenon 3 inches long and one inch wide, two inches deep at each end of each 6 feet long board. Apply carpenter's glue inside each mortise and all over each tenon. Insert tenons into mortises and clamp each 4 feet by 6 feet gate half until glue dries in all joints overnight.

4. Drill two pilot holes 1 1/2 inches from the edge of each board making up each gate half, into the 4 feet long sides, and insert wood screws. This assures that even if the glue in the joints does not hold, the gate will not come apart easily. Be sure to countersink screw holes so that screws are flush in the wood.

5. Use post hole digger to make a hole two feet deep, on each side of your driveway. Check post hole placement to assure that your gate halves will not overlap when closed. Set posts in holes. Fill empty space around post with gravel. Mix concrete according to package directions. You can mix in a wheelbarrow, mixing trough or plastic bin. It will be easier to move concrete from post to post using a wheelbarrow, however.

Fill each hole around each post with concrete. Use a plumb bob to find the vertical, and brace the posts so that they will stay vertical until the concrete sets.

6. Attach gate halves to posts using gate hinge kits. Secure gate with a chain and padlock when not open.

Tags: gate halves, feet long, feet wide, gate half, mortise tenon, your gate

Citronella Trees

A native of Australia, the evergreen Citronella moorei grows to a height of 130 feet. Commonly called the silky beech tree, it grows well in subtropical and temperate climates. In its native habitat, it is normally found growing in coastal slopes or within moist gullies. Does this Spark an idea?

Identification

From May to September, the Citronella moorei tree produces flower clusters that hang downward in 5-inch panicles. The evergreen leaves sport a glossy green top and a light green underbelly. Each leave is ovate in shape and measures 5 inches in length.

Uses

A hardwood tree, the Citronella moorei has yellowish heartwood with a greenish tinge. Widely used as a timber tree, it produces a fine textured wood that is widely used in furniture manufacturing, for flooring and for decorative wood. The wood is rarely logged because the native trees tend to only be left within protected areas of the country.

Warning

Working with the wood of the Citronella moorei can be difficult because it causes irritation to the skin and mucus membranes if the dust is inhaled by sensitive individuals. The use of alkaline based adhesives can also discolor the wood.

Tags: Citronella moorei, tree produces, wood Citronella

Top Self Propelled Mowers

Self-propelled mowers are easy to use, even on hills.

Gas mowers are heavy and can be difficult to push, particularly on uneven or hilly terrain. Self-propelled mowers use the engine to drive the mower along with powering the mower blade. Instead of shoving the mower along, the user merely has to walk behind it as the engine does the majority of the work. Does this Spark an idea?

Toro Super Bagger 20194

The Toro Super Bagger 20194 received one of consumer reports highest ratings and was their top recommended overall lawnmower. This variable speed 21-inch mower works equally well as a mulching, bagging and side discharge machine and features an easy mode change that mulches and cuts with the same blade. This mower has a five-year warranty and, according to Consumer Reports, has "no significant lows" in performance.

Toro Recycler 20333

Although the Toro Recycler 20333 only has a two-year warranty, in all other respects it performs as well or nearly as well as the Toro Super Bagger with a price tag that is about $300 dollars lower as of 2010. This 22-inch mower also features an adjustable speed drive and excels at mulching and side discharging in particular with solid bagging performance to boot. Light the more expensive Super Bagger, the recycler also features easy mode change.

Yard Man 12A-18M7

At only $280 dollars as of 2010, the Yard Man 12A-18M7 is a budget buy highly recommended by Consumer Reports. This 19-inch model has easy mode change and a single lever adjustable deck, allowing you to change the blade height more easily than with the other models tested. It performs well in mulching, bagging and side-discharge modes and is rated easy to maneuver. Unlike the other self propelled mowers, this model only features a single speed making it a bit less comfortable and convenient to walk behind than the variable-speed models featured above.

Tags: Super Bagger, easy mode, easy mode change, mode change, Toro Super, Toro Super Bagger, also features

Control Mosquitoes By Birdhouses

Flying pests like mosquitoes can ruin a bird watching experience.

Swallows, woodpeckers, orioles and many other popular birds feed on flying insect pests. If your birdhouse area has a mosquito problem, you can control them by eliminating their breeding grounds and food sources, introducing more predators and growing mosquito-repelling plants in your garden. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Stagnant water attracts mosquitoes.

Change your birdbath water, as well as the water in your pools and pet bowls, at least twice a week. Mosquitoes breed in standing water, so a neglected birdbath may be the source of your pest problem.

2. Bats are natural mosquito predators.

Install a bat box in your yard to attract bats, a harmless species that feeds on mosquitoes and other pests.

3. Spider webs trap mosquitoes.

Release nonpoisonous native spiders in your yard. They will trap mosquitoes in their webs. You can buy spiders at many garden supply stores.

4. The scent of marigolds deters mosquitoes.

Plant marigolds, mint, garlic and/or lemongrass near your birdhouse. Mosquitoes are repelled by the fragrances of these plants.

5. Spread cedar wood chips near your birdhouse. Mosquitoes are repelled by the scent of cedar wood.

6. Supply bird feeders around your home to encourage small birds that feed on mosquitoes to locate in and near your yard.

Tags: near your, your birdhouse, your yard, birdhouse Mosquitoes, birdhouse Mosquitoes repelled, cedar wood, Mosquitoes repelled

Is Vitamin B6 An Insect Repellent

Eating vitamin B6 will not keep insects away.

Some insects become a nuisance to people, especially if they bite like mosquitoes do. Over time, people have developed various home remedies to keep nuisance insects away. Some home remedies include dryer sheets, mouthwash, dish-washing liquid and alcohol. Edible home remedies to keep insects away include bananas and vitamin B6. Does this Spark an idea?

The Myth

Some people believe that eating vitamin B6 keeps insects at bay. This myth is especially popular among travelers, according to the Telegraph. They eat vitamin B6 pills before attending an outdoor function or going to areas where they expect to encounter nuisance insects. This supposedly keeps them safe from insect bites without using chemicals that are potentially harmful. The vitamin B6 also benefits the health of the person using this remedy.

The Rationale

For biting insects, different individuals have various levels of attractiveness as sources of blood meals, according to the University of Florida. The attractiveness level of a person to biting insects depends on various factors, such as the insect species, the geographic location, the person's appearance and the chemicals the person releases. Some foods may alter the signals the biting insects receive from a person, making him less attractive as a source of blood meal.

Efficacy

The attractiveness level of a person to biting insects depends on how various complex factors interact. While foods may help repel insects, there is no scientific proof that supports vitamin B6 as an insect repellent. In fact, one study dispels the myth. The University of Wisconsin performed an experiment whereby volunteers take either vitamin B pills or placebos. The researchers then exposed these individuals to mosquitoes and found that the vitamin B had no effect on mosquito attraction.

What Works

Home remedies often don't work well as insect repellents. For best results, rely on products that have been scientifically proven to keep insects away. The University of Florida recommends using insect repellents containing DEET, picaridin or oil of lemon eucalyptus as the active ingredient. Because these products contain chemicals, always follow the product label instructions closely and only apply the product to parts of the skin that are exposed. You may have to reapply the product to maintain its efficacy.

Tags: biting insects, insects away, keep insects, keep insects away, attractiveness level

Birds That Eat Flying Insects

The mosquito is prey for many birds.

Several species of birds use their acrobatic flying skills to capture and then consume insects such as wasps, bees, mosquitoes, midges, flies and Japanese beetles in flight. Birds of this nature that reside in northern climates must migrate south in the winter because flying insects are not available in the cold weather. Birds that eat flying insects include many types of swallows, as well as those from a family called the flycatchers.

Barn Swallows

Barn swallows use mud to reinforce their nests.

Barn swallows enjoy the largest global distribution of any swallow, breeding in most of the Northern Hemisphere and overwintering in the Southern Hemisphere. Barn swallows in North America live as far north as southern Alaska and the Yukon Territory in Canada, spending winters in Central and South America. They once inhabited caves, but now take advantage of man-made structures such as barns, sheds, bridges and culverts in which to build their grass and mud nests. Barn swallows have an easily recognizable, long-forked tail and steel-blue upper part, with a buff breast. They are close relatives to other flying insect eating birds, such as the bank swallow and cliff swallow. Some barn swallows may fly as far as 600 miles in a single day as they traverse the airways in search of bugs, according to the "National Audubon Field Guide to Birds."

Eastern Phoebe

The eastern phoebe is what ornithologists describe as a tyrant flycatcher--a bird that eats flying insects and defends its territory fiercely against birds as large as owls and hawks. The eastern phoebe will sit on a wire or an exposed limb of a tree and quickly fly out to snatch a bug from the air. The bird then returns to its original perch and devours the bug. The eastern phoebe lives in the eastern half of the United States, retreating to the Deep South during the winter months. The bird is about 7 inches long and a dark grayish brown above with olive green sides. It gets its name from its call, which sounds like "fee-bee." John James Audubon reportedly did the first experiments of banding birds to study their habits as early as 1804 by attaching a silver thread to one's leg. A peculiar habit of this bird is that it will frequently pump its tail up and down.

Purple Martin

Purple martin.

The largest swallow in all of North America, the purple martin, inhabits much of the eastern United States and parts of Canada. The purple martin lives almost exclusively in birdhouses that homeowners provide. Purple martins are beneficial birds, eating huge numbers of flying bugs, but a common misconception is that they can keep mosquito populations in check. In truth, the purple martin flies at heights to gobble up bugs that mosquitoes seldom reach. Purple martins migrate south to South America, but return to many of the same locations each year. The purple martin drinks by flying low over a river, pond or lake and scooping up a bit of water as it passes by. The purple martins can be 8 1/2 inches long. Males are bluish, and females are a duller shade.

Tags: Barn swallows, flying insects, purple martin, bird that, eastern phoebe, inches long

Identify Red Mosquitoes

Mosquitoes come in a variety of colors such as red mosquitoes.

Mosquitoes are winged insects belonging to the species Diptera. They have four legs and wings with scales. Generally speaking, mosquitoes are a nuisance. Their presence interferes with every aspect of life for humanity. Mosquitoes can transmit diseases while the harmless ones just spoil the fun by buzzing about your ears. There are more than 2,500 species of mosquitoes in the world and one of these is the red mosquito. Identifying the red mosquito is a simple process. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Coat the dinner plate with a thin layer of baby oil. This is your home-made red mosquito trap. There are commercially available mosquito traps which can be used without affecting the outcome of this process.

2. Go into the area with plenty of mosquitoes and wave the plate around several times. Mosquitoes will stick on the plate. Wait for them to die.

3. Pick the dead mosquitoes from the plate and put them in a glass jar. The glass jar helps hold the specimen in place for easy observation of physically visible characteristics of the mosquito.

4. Take a sample of the mosquitoes from the glass jar and observe them with the naked eye. Look for any banding on the abdomen or on the legs. Record your observation in the notebook.

5. Take another sample of the suspected red mosquito specimen and place under the microscope. Observe its thorax characteristics for any bristles, color and scales, among others. Record the observations made.

6. While the specimen is still under the microscope, observe the wing structure and its colors. Note any special features like wing color, texture and pattern of the wing scales. Record the observations made.

7. Match the observations recorded in the notebook against the characteristics found in the mosquito identification keys. If your recorded observations match with the characteristics listed under red mosquito then the identification is positive.

Tags: mosquitoes from, observations made, Record observations, Record observations made, specimen place

Make An Indoor Fly Trap

Make an Indoor Fly Trap

Having a fly problem indoors is annoying and unsanitary. While there are many types of insect repellents, the chemicals in them are quite harsh and aren't recommended for indoor use. You can make your own fly trap that is safe to use indoors with a few very simple materials. Your project will not only be effective but cost friendly as well. You can hang the trap from the ceiling of the room or simply set it on a windowsill, counter, or shelf. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Pierce a hole in an empty two-liter plastic bottle with a pair of scissors. The hole should be on the top portion of the bottle, where the curved section around the cap meets the cylindrical body of the bottle. Insert the scissors in the hole and cut away the top portion of the bottle, which is about two thirds of the way up from the bottom.

2. Set the portion of the bottle that you cut away upside down inside the remaining cylinder piece of bottle, with the cap pointing toward the bottom of the bottle. Secure with tape.

3. Pour some water into the bottle bottom through the opening at the top. The bottle should be about half full.

4. Coat the bowl shape on top of the trap that is over the cap with honey. Some of the honey will remain in the bowl and some will drip into the water. Set the trap wherever you'd like in your house to attract and contain flies.

Tags: portion bottle, bottle with, Indoor Trap, Make Indoor, Make Indoor Trap, scissors hole, trap that

Harmful Side Effects Of Frontline To Dogs & Humans

Frontline treats flea and tick infestations on dogs.

Merial, the manufacturer of the flea-and-tick treatment Frontline, says the product is safe to use on dogs. It does note, however, that any pesticide may sometimes cause an adverse reaction and advises that if signs of these appear, owners should seek advice from a veterinarian. However, in 2009, The New York Times reported that the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was investigating claims of more serious side effects amid suggestions that the existence of counterfeit products may be to blame.

Skin Irritation

Frontline can cause skin irritation. The manufacturer's application instructions for Frontline advise owners to wash off any spilled fluid promptly, if it comes into contact with their skin, to prevent redness and irritation.

Effects of Ingestion

Headaches, nausea, sweating and stomach pains can result from the accidental swallowing of Fipronil--the active ingredient in Frontline---according to the National Pesticide Information Center. Seek medical advice if someone swallows the product.

Seizure if Swallowed

In extreme cases where Fipronil is swallowed, seizure may result. Seek medical advice.

Possible Carcinogen

The National Pesticide Information Center reports that Fipronil, the active ingredient of Frontline, is classified as a possible human carcinogen, indicating that there are concerns that repeated exposure to the substance may put people at greater risk of developing cancer.

Skin Irritation in Dogs

Dogs may have irritation of the skin at the place where Frontline was applied. Merial describes this as a "rare" and "temporary" side effect, but advises owners to seek veterinary advice if the irritation is persistent or becomes more severe.

Hair Loss in Dogs

According to The New York Times, there have been "a large number" of anecdotal reports of dogs losing hair after Frontline was applied.

Tremors in Dogs

The New York Times again notes "a large number" of anecdotal reports of dogs experiencing tremors after receiving a dose of Frontline.

Seizures and Death of Dogs

The EPA reported in a 2009 press release that some owners had claimed their dogs suffered seizures after Frontline was applied and that some dogs later died, although the agency could not confirm if these claims were accurate. In the case of any adverse reaction to the medication, the agency advises owners to immediately bathe the pet, using a mild soap and rinsing after with large quantities of water.

Tags: Frontline applied, York Times, active ingredient, adverse reaction, advises owners, after Frontline, after Frontline applied

How Does Detrol Work

How Does Detrol Work?

Symptoms

Detrol is the brand name for a prescription drug called tolterodine tartrate. It works by relieving the symptoms of an overactive bladder. Typically, these symptoms include a need to urinate more than eight times in a 24 hour period, a sudden and frequent need to empty the bladder, and accidental leaking of urine between bathroom visits. All of these symptoms are caused by frequent or uncontrolled contractions of the bladder muscle. These contractions can also prevent the bladder from holding a normal amount of urine.

Effects

Detrol is an anticholinergic/antimuscarinic medication. It reduces a patient's symptoms by relaxing the bladder muscle. This is done by blocking muscarinic receptors within the bladder, which reduces the contractions. Patients who take Detrol don't have the urge to urinate as frequently, and the chance of leakage accidents is also reduced. The absence of excess contractions also allows them to eliminate more urine each time they visit the bathroom.

Warnings

Although Detrol is safe for most patients, eMedTV warns that it can cause problems for people with certain conditions. These include kidney disease, renal failure, liver problems, glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, arrhythmia, digestive problems, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. If you have any of these conditions, you must talk to your doctor and follow his advice on whether you can safely take this medication.

Tags: bladder muscle, contractions also, Detrol Work, Does Detrol, Does Detrol Work, these symptoms

Build A Backyard Pond

Backyard Pond

Building a background pond is a wonderful addition to a yard. It brings in birds and frogs and it is a fabulous place to sit beside in the afternoon and enjoy a cool drink. It is really not that difficult to do if you can wield a shovel and have a little time to spare. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

1. Lay out a garden hose in the shape of a kidney or what ever shape you like. Try to stay away from digging directly under a large tree or you will constantly be pulling leaves out of the pond.

2. Dig all around the perimeter of your hose so that you have an outline of your pond marked in the soil. Remove the garden hose and step back to make sure you like the shape of your pond-to-be.

3. Remove the dirt from the pond down about 3 or more feet, lifting it out of the center and place it along the outside edge. This will help to build up the outside edge so that the water can be a bit deeper. Rake the dirt so it is smooth building up to the pond.

4. Pick out any rocks or roots that might be along the bottom of the pond. Dig one end a little deeper - maybe about twelve inches so that your fish can dive a little lower on hot days.

5. Lay in your sheets of poly to line the bottom and sides of your pool. It should come up and over the edge about twelve inches. Hold it in place with a few of your decorative stones.

6. Set the stone all around the outside edge so that it slightly overlaps the edge, hiding the poly. Bring the dirt right up to the edge of the rock.

7. Plant some perennials around the edge of the rocks, like hostas and daylilies that will add a natural element to the pond.

8. Fill the pond with your garden hose. If the poly starts to bubble up a little, set a few stones in the pond to hold it down. Let the water sit for about 24 hours before you add any fish or water lilies.

Tags: garden hose, outside edge, about twelve, about twelve inches, Backyard Pond

Make Stick & Cone Incense

Incense Sticks and Cones

Incense has been used since early times for everything from scenting homes to religious ceremonies. Burned in the form of sticks or cones, incense can create a meditative air, or impart a sense of luxury and calm. Sticks and cones are imbued with scented oils that emit fragrance when burned.

Instructions

1. Grind up the sandalwood, orris root and benzoin in the mortar and pestle. Make the powder as fine as possible.

2. Mix together the 3 powders and place them into a bowl. In a seperate bowl, mix in 1 to 1 1/2 tsp. of water for every 3 tsp. you have of incense powder. Add the potassium nitrate to the water, and allow it to dissolve completely.

3. Make the cones. For every 2 tbsp. of incense powder, add from 1/8 to 1/4 tsp. of gum tragacanth. Mix everything together until you obtain the consistency of dough. Take a small bit of the incense dough and shape it into a cone that's 1 inch high. Flatten the bottom of the cone so it will stand up.

4. To make incense sticks, dip your sticks in the mixture of water and potassium nitrate. Roll the wet sticks in the incense powder. Only a small amount will adhere to the stick.

5. Allow the stick to dry for 5 to 10 minutes. Dip the stick in water again, and roll it in the incense powder. Let the stick dry for 5 to 10 minutes. Repeat the process until the stick contains the desired thickness of incense.

6. Let all of your incense cones and sticks dry for 24 hours before you burn them.

Tags: incense powder, potassium nitrate, stick minutes

Bites That Cause A Skin Rash

Mosquitoes attack at nighttime.

Many different insect bites result in rashes, including bites from bed bugs, chiggers and mosquitoes. Oatmeal baths and calamine lotion soothe these insect bites; meticulous vacuuming prevents infestations. Other insect bites that can cause rashes include those from fleas and ticks. Bites can also trigger allergic reactions. Check bed sheets regularly and wear protective clothing to keep such bugs at bay.

Bed Bugs

Bed bugs make their nests between sheets and pillows, as well as mattress crevices. They feed on human flesh during the night causing itchy patches on the skin. Bed bugs inject a chemical into the skin that stops the blood from clotting. Those who are allergic to bed bugs will react to this chemical and break out in patches with severe itching. These patches turn into large red welts when scratched and can scab over if the skin is scratched too much. Calamine lotion and raw apple cider vinegar are two treatments for the bites. Continuous vacuuming and throwing away infested bedding are two ways of getting rid of bed bugs; applying black pepper around the bed is also known to repels most bugs.

Mosquitoes

Mosquitoes are partial to damp areas and standing water and enjoy biting the more fleshy areas of the skin, such as legs and upper arms. They can sometimes carry serious diseases, like West Nile virus, malaria and dengue fever. Mosquitoes feed on human blood. When feeding, a mosquito bite causes the skin to react to the mosquito's saliva and produces large red welts that itch. The rash can look similar to blisters and bruises. Bites generally occur at dawn or dusk when mosquitoes are most active. Oatmeal baths are common, inexpensive remedies for mosquito bites and help lessen itching and redness. Wetting a bar of soap, rubbing it over a bite and allowing it to dry also provides relief.

Chiggers

Chiggers are common in wooded areas, grassy fields, gardens parks and moist areas like near lakes and rivers. They are mites that attack the ankles, waist and warm folds of skin and live close to the ground, as they require a high humidity level to survive. Chiggers are red in color and, at less than 1/150th of an inch in length, they are nearly invisible to the naked eye. Small red lesions often occur several hours after a bite. Rashes are common after exposure to sunlight and can cause severe itching. Nail polish and alcohol are sometimes used on areas of the skin affected by chiggers, to smother them. Baths and calamine lotion soothe chigger bites.

Tags: insect bites, areas skin, calamine lotion, calamine lotion soothe, feed human, large welts

Raise Bloodworms

Bloodworms are the bright red larvae of the Chironomus midge, a non-biting bug that resembles a mosquito. Bloodworms are a high protein treat for your pet fish, but most aquarium owners recommend buying them frozen rather than trying to raise your own. If you are determined to start cultivating your own bloodworms, you will need to experiment.

Instructions

1. Collect midge eggs from the water of a lake or pond. The eggs (50 to 700 tiny dots) will be in clear, jelly-like clumps or tubes attached to the twigs and grasses along the shoreline.

2. Set up the eggs in containers filled with room-temperature, non-chlorinated water, placed away from sunlight. The eggs will hatch within 48 hours. Bloodworms grow fastest in a dark, well-aerated environment. Providing the water with plants and mud will help to create a good ecosystem. Try as many as six different containers with varying numbers of eggs.

3. Feed your larvae. Bloodworms eat the microscopic matter of dead plants and animals. If you have recreated an ecosystem in your container with plants and mud or compost, this may be enough to keep your bloodworms fed. You can also purchase micro-foods from a commercial vendor or do as the professionals do (per Aqualand Pets Plus) and feed manure to your bloodworms. Keep records of how much of each food you are feeding your bloodworms to track what works best.

4. Harvest most of your bloodworms before they pupate. The complete life cycle of the bloodworm is 10 to 12 days. You can add some of them directly to your fish tank, but the excess should be put in the refrigerator or freezer for later feedings.

5. Allow some of your bloodworms to pupate into adult midges. The larvae turn to pupa, which will need to burrow into mud. A couple of days after they have disappeared into the mud, the pupa will swim to the surface and emerge as midges. Midges live up to five days, never eating. They mate, lay eggs and die. Keep the container you will be using to cultivate adult midges uncovered and somewhere where you will not mind having a cloud of midges for a few days.

Tags: your bloodworms, adult midges, will need, with plants, your fish

Mix A Solution For Boric Acid

Boric acid is regularly used as an insecticide, both as a desiccant and as a stomach poison. Solutions of boric acid used as an insecticide are generally made up as bait. As bait, the boric acid needs to be mixed with a sweetener, so that the taste of boric acid doesn't deter the insect. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

Ants and Roaches

1. Mix boric acid with peanut butter, jelly, or molasses. The concentration of boric acid should be low, around 1%. (Ref. 1.) Higher concentrations deter ants from eating the bait. (Ref. 2.)

2. Lay the poison in places where you have seen ants or roaches. Do not make it easy for pets or children to get at the bait, despite its being relatively safe to mammals. Do not lay the bait near where food is prepared.

3. Replenish the baits regularly and allow days or even weeks to pass for enough poison to be consumed to see a difference take effect. Boric acid is a weak poison, and is used more as a desiccant, so don't expect immediate results.

4. Find the ant nest or anthill, if you're pursing ants, and pour on it boiling water doused with as much boric acid as can be dissolved in the water. (Ref. 2.) In this case, there is no need to confine it to a 1% solution, since its purpose is as a desiccant.

Termites

5. Purchase boric acid pre-dissolved in propylene glycol, for example Bora-Care. Or you can mix it yourself by purchasing propylene glycol in small containers from Home Depot, pool supply stores, or marine supply stores. Propylene glycol is used because it is relatively harmless to mammals but poisonous to insects. Its role though is to dissolve the boric acid so that it can soak into the wood that the termites eat, since termites eat wood from the inside out.

6. Dissolve the boric acid into the propylene glycol. The more boric acid, the better, but it also needs to seep deeply into the wood. Recommended ratios of solvent to boric acid range from 1-to-1 to 8-to-1, so try a 1-to-4 ratio by volume.

7. Spread the solution onto the effected wood with a paintbrush or spray pump. If spraying, you may want to prepare the solution in a separate container first. Make sure that no undissolved granules get into the container, as they can clog the spray nozzle.

8. Apply the solution liberally, because termites eat wood from the inside out. The solution needs to penetrate deeply.

9. Mix boric acid with sawdust and a sweetener, such as honey or molasses, to be used as a bait. Spread it on the effected wood. (Ref. 3.) Since termites have an affinity for easily chewed wood, another bait option is to soak several pieces of cardboard in a solution, then stack them so that they dry stuck together. The added width makes it easier to position and gives the termites more to eat. A good solution to use is a water-based sugar solution, making the cardboard stick together. Add as much sugar as you can dissolved, then add about 1 to 3% boric acid by volume. (Res. 1.)

Tags: boric acid, boric acid, propylene glycol, acid with, boric acid with, effected wood

Citronella Safety

Citronella candles help repel insects.

Citronella is widely used as a mosquito repellent and has been in use since 1948, with no reported adverse effects. Its effectiveness and lasting power may vary. Stopping to smell a sample of citronella essential oil in the aisle of a health food store may remind you of its distinctive aroma, a primary repellent property. Does this Spark an idea?

Toxicity

"Citronella," a misnomer, is the name given for a class of lemony-scented grasses. No evidence has been found for human toxicity. The base chemical of the plant, citral, is categorically rated low, slightly toxic, not acutely toxic or not rated. True citronella is derived from drying the plant Cymbopogon nardus. Geranium citronella (Pelargonium citrosum), also known as mosquito plant, reportedly does not contain the necessary amount of oil of citronella to affect insects.

Uses

Citronella mosquito repellent coil for patio peace.

Hikers and backpackers find citronella's safe and natural properties helpful in keeping mosquitoes, black flies, fleas and ticks at bay, some of which can cause serious health problems. Citronella is often combined with other ingredients to make a variety of products, such as candles, lotion, soaps, wipes and sunscreen for babies. You might even use spiral coils or candles out on the patio in the evening to keep bugs away. Lemongrass, of the same category, is used in food recipes, as well as insect repellent products. Plants can be grown in gardens or home to repel mice and cats, in case you intend to keep both of them outside. Citronella's safety is difficult to understate.

Natural Pesticide

Oil of citronella has been approved for use as a natural pesticide and repellent for insects and animals for decades. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, oil of citronella is unlikely to cause harmful effects: "When used according to the label, citronella products are not expected to cause harm to humans, pets or the environment."

Benefits

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has determined that there is negligible to no affects from using citronella. It is not a threat to the environment and has little effect on wildlife. Because it is safe and natural, there are more than 30 categories of products on the market that contain citronella. Baby products that include citronella and lemongrass are used because of its safety record. Pure and natural citronella oil has traditionally been recommended as gentle, effective and safe. While not as effective as diethyltoluamide (DEET), citronella grasses are among other top-rated natural insect repellents, such as eucalyptus and cedar.

Considerations

Because products containing citronella have other ingredients and essential oils that may cause minor skin irritation when applied to the skin, the EPA requires precautionary labeling to help assure safe use.

Tags: Environmental Protection, Environmental Protection Agency, mosquito repellent, other ingredients, Protection Agency, safe natural

Most Effective Mosquito Inhibitor Systems

Mosquito bites can be an irritant.

With the arrival of the warmer summer months of the year people spend much more time outdoors. Unfortunately this is also an active mosquito time of year. You may be one of the unlucky ones that mosquitoes prefer. "One in 10 people are highly attractive to mosquitoes," reports Dr. Jerry Butler, professor emeritus at the University of Florida. There are several methods to aid you in your fight against mosquitoes and their attempt to make a meal out of you.

Citronella

Citronella oils and candles work in two different ways. First, the smoke that they give off inhibits mosquitoes. The smell of the citronella is an effective deterrent as well. The downside is you may find with citronella candles is that these things tend to deter people as well. The range of a citronella candle will only be effective within the smoke and smell cloud. Citronella candles can be an effective method of warding off these pesky insects if deployed properly to cover a wide area.

Ultrasonic

The old days may be gone with sitting under the light of an electric bug zapper and being entertained with the satisfying sound of mosquitoes willingly flying to their doom. Ultrasonic mosquito devices join the technology age by emitting a piercing sound that mosquitoes can hear. This sound mimics the sound of the mosquito's natural predator, the dragonfly. Various sized devices claim to repel all mosquitoes up to 75 square feet. Wrist models working on battery power can even allow the ability to be mobile.

Bug Repellent Spray

Protect yourself when in the outdoors.

Although having been used for years, advances in the chemical composition of mosquito bug repellents have increased effectiveness recently. The chemical DEET has proven to be the most effective chemical on the market. Any repellent you buy for your family should have DEET in it. DEET is also relatively safe; DEET has been in use for over 40 years and has a remarkable safety record. "Only few hospitalizations have been reported, mainly due to gross overuse," says Dr. Joe Conlon, technical adviser to the American Mosquito Control Association.

Magnets

One of the newest mosquito inhibitors to hit the market in recent years is the mosquito magnet. This is a carbon dioxide device which uses heat, moisture and octenol. This machine lures mosquitoes in by mimicking what they think is human activity; once they get within range of the device they are sucked in and neutralized. Mosquito magnets work on propane so they are very portable and a great addition to camping trips and picnics.

Tags: that mosquitoes

Common Hanging House Plants

Ivy makes a hardy and beautiful hanging house plant.

Selecting hanging house plants for your home not only adds beauty to your decor, but also improves the air quality inside. Some plant varieties fare better than others in an indoor environment. These plants are portable and can be placed in different light situations. Always check on what soil and lighting the plant prefers before planting and selecting a location for the plant. Does this Spark an idea?

Asparagus Fern

The asparagus fern, or Protasparagus setaceus, is an evergreen perennial vine that isn’t a fern at all. It has fern-like, feathery leaves that are stem clusters. It can spread up to 10 feet. This plant's flowers are small and white and typically bloom in the spring. Plant an asparagus fern in most any soil or light, with partial shade being most ideal.

Wandering Jew

The wandering jew plant, or Trandescantia zebrina, is a fast-growing, easy-to-grow perennial from the spiderwort family. It features succulent stems and hairy green-silver or green-burgundy leaves. The soil for this plant should be kept moist and mulched, with it hanging in bright shade or semi-shade with no direct sunlight. The sap from the plant can be a skin irritant, so care should be taken when handling this plant.

English Ivy

English ivy, or Hedera helix, is an evergreen vine. Ivy clings to everything because of its aerial rootlets. You can choose many variations in the leaves, from different colors to various styles. English ivy produces tiny, nearly unseen flowers and black poisonous berries. English ivy should be planted in rich moist soil and provided partial sun or shade conditions. Make sure this plant and all hanging plants get good air circulation to avoid fungus.

Spider Plant

The spider plant, or ribbon plant, is also known as Chlorophytum comosum. Another easy-to-grow and fast-growing perennial, this grass-like plant has small white flowers at the ends of its stalks and features linear leaves and smaller spider plant offshoots on stalks as well. It grows in any lighting, soil, air quality or temperature and does prefer a plant food feeding in the summer.

Tags: asparagus fern, partial shade, small white, this plant

Dangers Of Talstar

Talstar is a chemical used in the lawn care industry as an insecticide. Only commercial lawn care workers with government permission can have access to the chemical. It is composed of the active ingredient bifenthrin, which is classified as a restricted-use product. Despite the regulation on use, Talstar is still widely used.

Air Dangers

As an insecticide, Talstar is lethal, but it does the job too well, killing bees and birds that come in continuous contact with the chemical. Airborne, it is inhaled by humans and animals, causing damage to the body.

Water Dangers

Talstar is highly toxic to fish. Bifenthrin, the active ingredient in Talstar, is thought to bind with dirt and in doing so, does not dissolve completely. This feature does prevent the chemical from further contaminating the groundwater, but it does put aquatic life at risk. Studies have not been done to measure the effects of Talstar on humans who drink water that contains bifenthrin.

Effects

When in contact with the skin, Talstar is known to cause rashes and numbness. It is also known to cause nosebleeds, shaking and seizures in both humans and animals. It can also speed up the heart beat (a fatal symptom to those with high blood pressure or heart disease). Lab mice have been found to have increased instances of bladder tumors. Bifenthrin is classified as a carcinogen. It has been found to cause a gene mutation that increases cancer risk.

Widespread Use

Talstar and other pesticides categorized as pyrethroid are found to be much safer than their counterparts, the organophosphates that were banned years ago. For this reason, many landscapers and lawn care specialists have increased their use of Talstar in residential areas, especially in new subdivisions. This increased use is being investigated for effects on streams and water supplies.

Other Ingredients

Although bifenthrin is the active ingredient in Talstar, it isn't the only dangerous chemical in the product. The propylene glycol in Talstar has been known to cause kidney and liver damage if ingested repeatedly. It is also known to irritate the eyes and skin as well as kill rainbow trout.

Tags: active ingredient, known cause, lawn care, active ingredient Talstar, also known, been found